Gulf anger toward Iraq is rising fast over attacks launched from its territory since the U.S. began its war on Iran, with tensions escalating further after Kuwait was struck on April 24, reviving urgent questions about Iraq’s relations with its Arab neighbors after years of cautious improvement.

Since launching Operation Deterrence of Aggression until Assad's ousting on December 8, no Iranian military figures were notably active in Syria; instead, Iran’s diplomatic arm, led by FM Abbas Araghchi, took center stage.